Primitive Camping & Bushcraft

Mastering Water Safety: From Creek to Cup for Every Camper

Episode Summary

Talk about the essentials of water purification in the wild, from methods like boiling and filtering to real-life examples of common risks. This episode equips listeners with practical techniques to ensure safe, drinkable water on every camping or bushcraft adventure.

Episode Notes

Show Notes: In this episode of the Primitive Camping and Bushcraft Podcast, host Chris Speir walks through one of the most vital aspects of wilderness survival: water purification. He shares an in-depth look at different methods, including boiling, filtering, and even distillation, and discusses the common risks posed by contaminants like protozoa, bacteria, and viruses. With real-life examples, including stories of adventurers who encountered Giardia and cryptosporidium, Chris emphasizes why simply drinking from a clear stream can be dangerous without proper preparation. For those new to bushcraft or seasoned wilderness experts, this episode is packed with actionable insights and essential tips to ensure safe hydration on any outdoor adventure.

Topics Covered:

Why carrying clean water isn’t always an option
Understanding the dangers of protozoa, bacteria, and viruses in natural water sources
Practical water purification techniques: boiling, filtering, distillation, and more
Common waterborne illnesses and their symptoms
Real-life scenarios where lack of proper filtration led to illness
Tips for storing and handling water in the wild

Don’t Miss Out! Tune in for a deep dive into water safety and get practical advice on how to keep yourself healthy and hydrated on your next camping or bushcraft outing.

Clay hayes videos on water

https://youtu.be/nSBwJNDDUfc?si=qGbeQBKXfKQSVkaF

https://youtu.be/bOKlW3M7vFY?si=xj6V6P1IGsOPx30D

https://youtu.be/SPXg4oWSM0M?si=_NrhQ0IIL2q9ULKs

Episode Transcription

(upbeat music)

Welcome back to the Primitive Camping

and Bushcraft Podcast.

My name's Chris Speir,

and I'm gonna be your guide

to enjoying the great outdoors.

So I'm feeling a

little bit better this week.

Last week I was, oh, wow.

I didn't even think I was

gonna get an episode out,

but I did.

So today we're gonna kick

off into the chapter of water.

And we've done this before

at a 35,000 foot overview.

We did the whole chapter in one episode,

but this time we're gonna break down

all the different aspects of this water

in a week by week basis.

And so now I got some

embarrassing stuff to say

is that I did this

whole episode a while ago

and forgot to hit record on the camera.

(laughing) Oh, well, silly me.

But anyway, let's get to it.

So we're not always gonna

have clean water sources

with us whenever we

get out into the woods.

It's just not gonna happen.

And it weighs way too much to carry.

And that's one of the

things about being able to drink

out of a river or lake or stream

or some aspect of someplace, you know,

and depending on where your location is.

Being here in South Mississippi,

we got rivers, lakes, ponds, mud bottles,

being up in the north,

you got probably frozen ice and snow.

And you have to melt that

stuff and stuff like that

to get some stuff to

drink whenever you're out

in the great outdoors.

Now, I'm not gonna go in

detail about finding your water

because if you're going camping

and you're practicing

bushcraft and all that,

you know how to find your water.

You should know where to find water.

So this ain't a survival

aspect as much as it is.

Just making sure you stay safe

when you're out into the great outdoors.

Now, one of the main things,

you found your water source,

you have a creek, you have

a river, you have a lake,

you have something like that.

Something like that, you know.

The biggest and most important aspect

of making this water drinkable

is the danger of protozoa

and bacteria and viruses.

Now, protozoa are

cryptosporidium and Giardia

and they're a biological contaminant

that they make you sick.

They really do, they will make you sick.

If you've ever seen

that TV show on Netflix,

it's called Outlast.

And this is one of

the most recent examples

of what I'm talking about,

is that there was a lady on there

that she was one of the survivalists,

one of the contestants on there.

She left one camp, was gonna walk around

the lake that they were on

and meet up with one of the other camps

and join their team, okay?

and join their team, okay.

So, I mean, it's a

total different dynamic.

You have to watch it, you know.

But, so what happened is

she was walking around,

it was a 12 kilometer

hike, something to that effect,

and she was trying to

get there before dark.

And she was thirsty, she

didn't bring any gear with her

or anything like that,

and she saw water coming

out of the rocks, out of

the moss, off of the bank,

coming down the hill.

And she's like, oh man,

that's gotta be filtered,

it's gotta be good, I

am just gonna bottoms up.

Man, she did, she drank it.

Now, the problem with that was

that was it didn't affect her

it didn't affect her right away,

right away, it's not

it's not gonna affect you right away.

gonna affect you right away.

But, several days later,

she got extremely sick.

Massive diarrhea,

vomiting, stuff like that.

And from the

cryptosporidium or the Giardia,

which most times it's Giardia,

which is another name of beaver fever.

And it is a thing called

Giardiasis, Giardiasis.

And that's not Giardiasis,

and it's a bunch of Giardia.

And it's where you get

sick as an old, you do.

You can get dehydrated real

quick, you can't keep enough

because you're all constantly

diarrhea-ing it out,

and you got it coming out of both ends.

So this stuff is nasty, and

it is one of the most common

waterborne illnesses

here in the United States.

And so I can't speak

for the rest of the world,

but I do know here in

the United States, Canada,

it is one of the most nastiest things

that we got in water.

Yeah, I can't say nastiest,

but it is one of the things

in here that's dangerous, you know?

So the stuff that I listed in

the book is not an exhaustive

list of everything that

you can catch, you know?

But it does, any of

these will cause horrible

health symptoms such as

gastroenteritis, severe cramping,

abdominal pain, dehydration, diarrhea,

dehydration, diarrhea, and each of them

and each of them can last a

few days to several weeks.

In the extreme case of

diarrhea, it could lead to dehydration

and the last thing that you

want when you're wandering

the woods, you know, because

you don't want to be running

out through the woods and

can't keep your pants up,

you know, because

you're pooing and throwing up

and all that good stuff.

So, but even scarier

than that is the viruses.

Viruses are extremely

scary, but they're not as big

of a health risk as the other ones,

the protozoa or the bacterias.

Now bacteria, you know,

will, bacteria will knock you out

and it's E. coli and stuff like that.

Now, mentioning

bacteria, Clay Hayes did a video

Hayes did a video on YouTube,

on YouTube, a whole

series, several videos in a row,

where he, if you don't

know who Clay Hayes is,

he's one of the

winners of the alone TV show

and he did a video on the gypsy wells

and the arty coyote wells and then he

did water filtration.

He took some straight

out of a swamp or a bog

and he took all these water samples

and he sent them off to the lab.

Then he took boiled

water, sent it to the lab.

Then he took, you know, filtered water,

they filtered to the

lab and he was come back

and it had either some of

it has some E. coli present,

no E. coli present or I wouldn't touch it

because it has so much E. coli present.

And, you know, so, but

interestingly enough,

he did the gypsy whale or coyote whale

because a lot of people's

like, hey, you can't say gypsy.

I was like, buddy, I

could say whatever I want.

Toodaloo.

(laughs)

You know, I could say whatever I want.

I don't care if it

offends you, I'm sorry.

No, I'm not sorry.

Anyway, but anyway, the,

(laughs)

the gypsy whale or

coyote whale is a hole dug

three to four feet

away from a water source.

And if it's real

sandy, you're gonna dig it

about eight feet away

from your water source

and you're gonna dig down

way below the water line,

the water level of

whatever water source you have.

And I have that

outlined here in the book.

We're gonna get into it in a little bit,

in a couple of weeks or so.

But that water will

filter through the gravel,

the sand, the dirt

and everything naturally

and actually clean the water out

and make it safe for you to drink.

And people's like, oh

dude, you cannot do that.

You cannot do that.

You're gonna get sick and die.

Hello.

90% of all the water in the United States

comes for water wells that people dig

and pump out and drink.

90%, it could be a little less than 90,

could be more than 90.

I'm just throwing that number out there.

But I'm telling you, all the city water

comes from a lake or a river.

And all they do is just pump it out

and then they get all

the dirt and crud out of it

and then load it down

with so many chemicals

it's gonna give everybody cancer.

And then half of these

water bottles you buy

from the store are just the tap water

that you just could have

bought it from the city

for cheaper than the tap water bottle,

I mean from the water bottle.

And yeah, people are so ignorant,

it is beyond belief how

ignorant people can be.

Like they don't know.

And so they get on to me saying,

you can't drink water that way.

I'm like, dude, they've been doing this

since before Jesus.

I mean Abraham and Jacob and Isaac,

all these guys, they dug

wells and they dug wells.

Jacob's whale, I mean, really?

All these wells were dug into the dirt

and they drank the water

that seeped into the hole.

That's what a whale is.

And it's clean.

It filtrates through all

the sand and all the dirt

and it gets out all the

bacteria and all the nasty.

And it actually tastes very good

and it has plenty of minerals in it

and it's better for you

than any of this garbage

that you get at the store.

And water wells are actually very good.

But anyway, getting

into the gypsy wells,

he was taking these

samples, sending them off

and when he got his lab results back,

it became that the one whale that I knew

would probably have just a

little bit of E. coli in there

had zero traces and

that was the coyote whale.

And I was like, this is crazy.

And I've been drinking

like that all my life.

Like I'd go camping

and I would dig a hole

right next to the river or a

hole right next to the creek

and I'd dig down about three feet,

something like that.

Sorry, filling up with water.

And you let it sit

and when you let it sit,

all the floaties and all the turbidity

is going to drop in the

sediment, it's gonna drop.

And you're gonna have clear water.

I mean crystal clear water.

And you can drink that

water straight out of that hole

and it will not get you sick.

If it does get you sick,

then you did right where

somebody peed or somebody pooed or

something like that.

But even in that case, I don't think so

because you dug it up and

ridged it, all the dirt.

But another aspect of

water is gonna be rain water

that is gonna be safe to drink.

Rain water is another

thing that a lot of people

argue with me about that you

cannot drink the rain water

man, they got chem trails

man and we're all gonna die.

I'm like, dude, really?

If they have forever chemicals, that's

what they keep telling

me, they're like, you

got forever chemicals

in the rain water man.

If forever chemicals

were in the rain water

then every drop of water you ever drink on the planet Earth

and then every drop

would be contaminated.

on the planet earth would be considered contaminated, I mean, think about it.

I mean, think about it.

What refreshes the water?

You got the snow, which is water.

You got mostly water

comes from the oceans

and then evaporates out of the oceans.

It flies over to wherever it's gonna do

and then it dumps in the form of rain.

And then you got the

rain, they got floods,

you got the runoff, everything, all the nasty

and the water and

everything goes into the water

and goes right back out into the ocean.

And then it's just a

big old recycle thing

and it just constantly recycles.

So rain water is safe to drink.

You do not have to boil the rain water.

It's gonna have less to

no biological contaminants,

I mean, not chemical but

biological contaminants

in the water in the water.

but biological contaminants

It's safe to drink.

I've been on camping trips several times

where rain water was the

only water we had to drink

and I've never been

sick, I haven't gotten sick

and I don't have cancer yet.

cancer yet, nah, we'll see.

No, let's see.

God willing, I don't.

God willing, I don't, but

rain water does not have

But rain water does not have the

biological contaminants

that groundwater has.

The big difference between

rain water and groundwater

is that rain water tastes different.

Water tastes different from

water from the stream or lakes

because it evaporates

out and then it leaves

all the minerals behind.

So it's kind of like distilling,

you're doing a

distillation, distillation

or whatever you wanna call it,

I forget how you pronounce these words,

but you're distilling it.

You're boiling the water out,

all the steam goes through a tube

all the steam goes through a

tube and then it gets cooled

and then it gets cooled and then it

returns back into water

and then drips into another container

and it leaves all the chemical

contaminants in one pot

or the salt from salt water in one pot

and then either way,

that's how you can actually

that's how you can

actually make drinkable water

make drinkable water by doing that

by doing that.

and that's what they

That's what they have, distilled water.

That's what distilled water is,

is they just boil nasty water in one pot

and they collect a clean

100% clean water in another.

And you can make it,

And you can make it, they got,

there's a, actually I've seen on Temu,

that you could buy a distiller

for like a hundred

bucks, couple hundred bucks

and you can set that up in your kitchen

to distill water

to distill water and

and you could distill

water if there was an event

if there was an event that happened,

that happened, a

hurricane storm, natural disaster,

something like that.

You had access to the water,

but you didn't have

access to make it clean,

which everybody does if

you have a way to boil it.

you have a way to boil it,

but let's say you got seawater

But let's say you got seawater

and that's the only water you got.

and that's the only water you got,

you can fill that puppy up

You can fill that puppy up

and you can go ahead

and distill that water

and it distills the water

and it leaves the salt in the can

and it allows you to

collect the fresh water out of it.

and then you can take the

And then you can take the

salt and you put the salt up

and use the salt for

and you use the salt

for something else later.

But, you know, getting back to the water

and getting back to

the nasties of the water,

the reason why we boil the water

and I've harped on boiling your water

ever since I started this book,

ever since I started this podcast,

anytime I talk about water,

water, boil your water,

boil your water, boil your

water, boil your water.

And the reason why is

because that's the easiest,

it's the most surefire way to make sure

that you are not

getting any kind of chemical,

or I mean not chemical,

but biological contaminants.

Now, now that I said that,

you're boiling your water,

boiling your water is not gonna rid you

of any kind of your

chemical contaminants.

and anybody that'll tell you otherwise,

And anybody that I'll tell you otherwise,

and anybody that'll tell you otherwise,

you know, other than

being distilled is wrong.

So, now as mentioned in the gear section,

filtering and purifying water are

different processes.

And that some things that people get,

they use interchangeably, I believe.

And, you know, filtering your water

removes all the sediment.

It takes, it gets rid of

all the grit and the grime

and all the tadpoles

and bugs and, you know,

sometimes that ain't

bad, protein's good for you,

but, you know, purifying

your water makes the water safe

by removing the biological pathogens

and all the chemical contaminants.

So, all right, now let's break that down

because I just said

that boiling your water

is not gonna get rid of

the chemical contaminants,

and it's not.

What they're talking about,

or what I'm talking

about here in this book

is whenever you're using a water filter,

which we're gonna get to later on

in the coming weeks,

but if you're using a

commercial water filter,

it will remove some of

the chemical contaminants,

if not all of them.

And those chemical

contaminants are, you know,

it could be the near

forever chemicals or gas or,

you know, fertilizer,

you know, heavy metals

and, you know, stuff like

that, it'll take it out.

But chemical contaminants are different

from biological pathogens

and that chemicals

are present in the water

due from runoff and flooding.

So, for example, a farmer sprays his

crops for pesticides

and then the rain washes

the pesticides off the crops.

The water collects and runs into a stream

and in that stream is

transported to the rivers

and so forth.

Chemical contaminants,

they are more challenging

to eliminate than biological.

So, like, the only way

you're gonna be able to do that

is to distill your water

to get rid of all the

chemical contaminants.

So, let's talk about boiling the water.

I just did a video with a

stove on my YouTube channel.

So, if you're watching

this on YouTube, you know,

right here, I'll put a

link up in the description

of the video.

Also, I'll put it in the

description of the video

on the podcasting

platforms too in the notes.

But, you know, if

you're boiling your water

at different altitudes, water boils

differently, all right?

And this guy was

like, "Sure, come up here

and do it for 9,000 feet

and you'll never get that water bullet."

Well, I've never been to 9,000 feet.

I've been to 5,500 feet, you know,

camping and stuff like that.

But, you know, the best way to ensure

that you've reached a temperature

that will kill all the

biological contaminants

is to bring your water to a bowl

at 211.9 degrees Fahrenheit.

That's 99.97 degrees Celsius, you know?

So, between sea level

and 6,500 feet elevation,

that temperature is

212 degrees, all right?

To bring your water to a bowl.

And you can boil your

water for at least one minute

and everything's done.

And the reason why is

because you know the water boils

at 212, right?

All biological

contaminants are killed at 165.

So, that's like going to a restaurant

and all your food is

cooked to a certain temperature.

Your chicken is cooked to 165, 170.

Your beef is cooked to 155.

Your pork is cooked to 155.

Hamburger meat is cooked to 165.

Fish and frogs and alligators cook to 145

to kill certain biological contaminants

that's inside those, that food.

That's why we cook our

food is so we don't get sick

from biological

contaminants, or pathogens.

And so, once you're above

6,500 feet in elevation,

you wanna boil your water

because the boiling

temperature goes down.

So, once you get above a certain height,

which is 6,500 feet and go up or higher,

you know, you're probably gonna end up

using propane stoves

or anything like that.

You're going to boil your water for at

least three minutes.

So, to be safe, no

matter what your elevation is,

boil your water for

three to four minutes,

something like that.

And that way you can make

sure that there is no chemical,

I mean, biological contaminants.

There's still gonna be chemicals

if there's any chemicals in that water.

You're still gonna have

the chemicals in there

if you boil it.

All right, so, boiling your water

will not remove chemical contaminants.

Some will evaporate out,

but the majority will not.

So, to remove them, you

have to distill the water.

This process involves

bringing the water to a boil,

capturing the steam, and

collecting the condensation

as it cools and turns back into water.

Then that's what we just talked about.

So, Corporal's Corner did a

video a while back on YouTube

that it takes 45 minutes for freshly

boiled water to cool.

But it is possible, and he showed that.

I demonstrated it in this book, talked

about it in this book,

but he also demonstrated

it in video that, you know,

it takes 45 minutes for

freshly boiled water to cool.

However, you can cut that time in half

by taking the water out off of the fire

and putting it back into the water source

where you collected the water.

Being careful not to

knock it over or overfill,

you know, letting it

cross-contaminate again.

But you can cut that time in half.

And so, hey, what's 20 some odd minutes?

You know, 20 minutes for it to be as cold

as what you got it out of?

That's pretty good.

So, when boiling your water

straight out of the river lake

and not, you're not

filtering it or anything like that,

you're boiling that water.

A lot of people

complain of it tasting nasty.

(laughs)

They're like, oh my

God, this tastes horrible.

You know, to combat

that, you just get you one

of those little pack,

drink packets of crystallite

or something like

that and dump it in there

and you're good to go and

it'll change the flavor.

Now, I'll use those

routinely with filtered water

because when you get out there,

it gets to you drinking

water, water, water, water

because that's all I drink anyway.

And every once in a while, I want

something to really,

you know, sweeten things

up, something to be different,

you know, but I got to watch out

because you know, the lemonade packets,

when you get out there,

they give me a digestion.

And once I get an indigestion,

as I'm with, I'm miserable.

So, but that's it on that.

But you know, one of the

most important aspects of,

since I got this started, this podcast,

is since I started, you know,

the first page of this book,

you know, one of the most important

things to have with you

besides your trusty but not rusty knife

is a metal container.

If you go into the woods

without a metal container

and you get stranded in the woods,

it's going to make your stay miserable

because you're going to have to go

through different ways

to prepare your water, not formulate,

but to render your water safe to drink.

And you know, there

are ways you could do it.

You can burn this, you

can burn a bowl out of a log

and bowl rocks and throw it in there.

You could do all these different things,

but just bring a metal container with you

and you don't have to worry about it.

You know, the basis of this

book is not like survival.

It does cover some of the

survival aspects, granted.

It covers some of the bases and you know,

but the majority of it

is bushcraft camping.

You're going camping.

And you know, so a lot of the stuff

you're bringing with you,

you're primitive camping in the woods.

You've got your bag,

your backpack filled up

and you're headed out.

You're going to a

certain place in the woods

and you're going to

camp out for several days,

a week, a couple of weeks, whatever,

whatever floats your boat.

You know, at that point,

once you get out there

for that long and you start,

you know, your stuff, your gear,

your items that you brought with you

is going to start to deplete, you know,

especially the food and stuff like that.

So you're going to be practicing

bushcraft, you know,

you're going to start,

and I routinely do it all the time.

I'll bring my backpack.

I'll have, you know, my shelter.

I'll have my bedding, stuff like that.

Then I'll have my cooking in my pots.

I'll have a couple of changes of clothes.

And then, you know, a

couple of days worth of food.

And after that, I'm doing my own food,

but I make everything that

I want for my camping trip

out there so I'm

practicing the bushcraft.

So that's why the book's called

Primitive Camping in Bushcraft,

because you are actually going out

on a primitive camping trip,

but you're going to

end up doing bushcraft.

And, you know, not so much the survival,

but you need to know

some of the survival aspects

in order to do the others.

So it's kind of like layers, you know.

First, you got this

layer right here, you know,

water, shelter, fire.

Those three things right

there is like your first layer.

And then after that,

you got food collection,

and, you know, tools

and comfort and stuff,

and then trying to

make traps and, you know,

stuff like that.

And everything is, everything is layered

on top of each other.

So metal containers are something

that are extremely

important to have with you

when you're in the woods, because it

makes your life easier.

It really does.

I don't want to go out

into the woods and suffer.

I want to go out to the woods and enjoy

why I went out into the woods.

And that's to read my Bible

and to enjoy God's great creation.

And, I mean, you know, it's evident

that he's everywhere and everything.

So one of the aspects after

you have a metal container

is that you could boil water,

and then you could store that water,

and then keep boiling

it, storing it, boiling it,

storing it.

So let's talk about water storage.

You know, water

collection bags are readily,

readily, is that even a word?

Readably.

(laughs)

But readily available, you know.

We got a readily available.

And you can get them off Amazon.

You can get some water

collection stuff at Walmart.

Now, there is a brand out there.

Colligan, Culligan,

Culligan, C-O-L-L-E-G-A-N,

or something like that.

They're a camping brand.

And I bought a couple of them one time.

And they were collapsible water jugs or

something like that.

And dude, I washed them

out, I rinsed them out.

And I filled them up with water,

and I put it in my boat,

and we headed to the campsite.

And if I have a

conveyance going somewhere,

I'm gonna bring as

much stuff up as I can,

because I don't feel like

doing it when I'm out there.

But you know, I filled up

this jug, and I got out there.

And I'm telling you,

that water tasted horrible.

It tasted just like that jug.

It tasted like that plastic nasty.

And I was just like,

"Golly, get this away from me."

But water is gonna taste like something.

If you had something in a jug before,

it's gonna taste like it.

So these water storage bags right here,

they got them ones on

Amazon you can order,

or you can go down to Popeye's

or some of these fast

food restaurants to go.

And you can get a gallon bag

of your teas or your lemonades

or blah, blah, blah,

whatever drinks that they serve.

And you can reuse these bags.

And I do the Popeye's bags.

I'll get a gallon of the

sweet tea or unsweet tea.

And I will take those

bags with me into the woods.

And they are perfect, reservoir bags.

They're perfect for

putting, storing water in.

And so that's something

that you would throw away,

but you could reuse.

And it's great to reuse things.

And I really like reusing things.

One, you're cutting out on waste.

Two, you're making

something out of something

that would have been garbage anyway.

But so water storage is important

because you really wanna be

able to have enough water to,

you don't have to have boiled or filtered

or clean water to cook.

You can use nasty water

straight out of the river

and cook with it.

Because you're gonna

boil that water anyway

if you're cooking.

But it's nice to have stored water.

That way you can just have some,

a plenty of water to drink.

And I usually take one

of these bags with me

and I'll use a grill, a

GeoPress wherever I'm going.

And then whenever I get

to where I'm going in camp,

I'll fill that water

bag up with it either.

I'll use my grill to fill it up

or I'll boil the water

and store it that way.

But we'll get into the grill GeoPress.

(laughs)

That's the most amazing

water filter there is.

And we'll go, we got other aspects,

other things to talk about here too.

But one of the last

things I wanna talk about

and this just one of the little side

notes here in the book

is water wicking or wicking your water.

And wicking the water

is, you got this cup

and it's full of your dirty water.

You're gonna put a bandana

or some kind of cotton cloth

in the water and you're gonna lay it over

and you're gonna have

another container down here

and it's gonna siphon

that water out of here

all the way down and fill this jug up.

Well, it's still gonna

have the nasty biological

contaminants in there.

This water is not

gonna be clean to drink.

You still have to

actually boil that water.

All right, so that's

how you wick your water.

You can wick water

from all kinds of things

and it'll be clean

looking, it'll be clear,

but it will still not be safe.

So next we're gonna get

into pre-filter in our water

and we're gonna use

several ways to do that.

Then we're gonna get into

the chemical disinfectant

and move along to

other water filtration sources.

So other ways to filtrate

your water in the grade outdoors.

Hey, I hope you enjoyed this video.

If you don't mind,

whatever platform you're listening

to this podcast on, if you

would, just go ahead and rate it

and leave a review, leave a comment.

And if you're watching it

on YouTube, leave a comment.

Please leave a comment.

Let me know how's it working

or do we need to reformat something,

something to that effect.

Let me know.

I really care about your opinion.

I really care about what you guys think.

So in a couple of

weeks, I am going to have

the Primitive Camping

in Bushcraft Blend Coffee

is gonna launch.

That is gonna be practical

and I'll be showing

videos about that as well.

But until then, I hope

you enjoyed this video.

I hope you enjoyed this podcast

and I'll see you next time.

God bless you.

(upbeat music)